slovak-english
Dr. ARJE LEIBISCH LICHTIG
Dr. ARJE LEIBISCH LICHTIG
ben
Jicchak
rabín z Čierneho nad Topľou
pochovaný v Bystrom
pochovaný v Bystrom
1873-1937
rabín v
Hamburgu
Rabín Arje Leibisch(Leopold,Lipot)Lichtig ben Jicchak patril k významným učencom, talmudistom,
pedagógom svojej doby, pochádzajúcich zo Slovenska.
Pochádzal z východoslovenského Zemplína z jeho hranice so Šarišom, z Čierneho nad Topľou (Feketepatak). Jeho otec Jicchak/Izak Lichtig rodák Koprivnice(Pokronc)(1839-1903) sa
15.decembra 1861 priženil do Čierneho
nad Topľou do rodiny obchodníka Hirša /Hermana Blum(1822-1874) a Mirjam /Marie r.Kaufman(1824- ).Vzal si ich dcéru Fejge/Fany, ktorá sa narodila
v Slovenskej Kajni(1845 - ?),kde aj v tom čase žili(rodičia sa tu vzali 1.10.1844). Izak Lichtig bol v Čiernom
krčmárom, no bol aj znalcom Talmudu. Sobášil ich vtedajší vranovský rabín Abraham Spira(1788-1865). Tu sa 18.adaru 5633, čo je 17.marec 1873, rabín Lichtig narodil.
Starí rodičia Lichtigoví, Elias a Sima r.Friedman žili v spomenutom Pokronci(Koprivnica).
Čierne nad Topľou patrilo pod Židovskú obec Bystré, ale aj Vranov či Hanušovce.
Matriky týchto obcí obsahujú údaje k tejto rodine. Lichtigovci
a Blumovci žili dlhodobejšie
v celej tejto oblasti. Príbuzenstvo tejto rodiny bolo pochované prevažne
na Židovskom cintoríne v Bystrom.
Vieme ešte o dvoch starších, sestrách Gitl(1864)a
Šprince(1865),no predpokladáme, že ich bolo viac. Vyrastal Čiernom.Do
školy-chederu chodil od 12-tich rokov do Hanušoviec k rabínovi
Eliezerovi/Eduardovi Deutschovi(1850-1916, neskôr pôsobil v Bonyháde).
Keď dovršil 16 rokov začal navštevovať chýrnu bratislavskú
ješivu u Ševet Sofera
(1842-1906) vnuka Chatama Sofera, kde ako devätnásť ročný
v r. 1892 získava titul Morenu- rabín. Od rabínov ktorý mali na neho vplyv
Deutscha z Hanušoviec, Schlesingera z Topolčian, Moše Mordechaja Pscherhofera
zo Serede(svokor rabína Samuela Spitzera, neskorší kolega rabína Lichtiga)
získava Hatarat Hora, zároveň absolvoval gymnaziálne štúdiá. Vo Frankfurte nad
Mohanom sa pripravuje na ďalší rok nemeckej vysokej školy. Študuje
v Heidelbergu,Würzburgu,
Erlangene a v Berne v ktorom
7. februára 1901 píše rigoróznu prácu ,,magna cum lande“.Ďalšie rabínske
štúdium absolvuje vo Frankfurte u Dr.Salomona Breuera (1850-1926).
Februárom 1906 sa stáva rabínom Klaus(uzatvorená komunita)
synagogy v D.S.Wallich-Klaus v Hamburgu. Tu je aj docentom a roš ha ješiva-riaditeľ
ješivy. Po smrti hlavného rabína Dr. Samuela Spitzera
(1872-1934)
v r. 1934 do r.1936 s kolegom rabínom Ber Jaffem zastupujú
hlavného rabína.
Po prevzatí funkcie hlavného rabína Dr.Josefom Carlebachom, bol povolaný do funkcie dajana-sudcu a ďalej bol
stálym členom vyššieho rabinátu. V rokoch 1906 až 1923 a 1930 až 1937
bol magidom-kazateľom pohrebného bratstva Chevra kadiša a členom
krajinského riaditeľstva Keren Hatora (okolo r.1925).
Za manželku mal Ilonu Tigermann, dcéru novozámockého
hlavného rabína Josefa Meira Tigermanna
(1851-1944) a jeho manželky Miriam r. Löwy(*? - 1944). Začiatkom 20.storočia žili istý čas v Nových Zámkoch. Rabín Tigermann bol napriek veľmi vysokému veku deportovaný a zahynul v šoa.
rabín Tigermann(starec) |
Mali šesť detí. Jedna z ich dcér Rachel sa vydala za Salamona
Reinitza, ktorý mal vo svojom rode viacero rabínov tohto priezviska.Rabín Lichtig ťažko
postrádal svojich troch synov v predvojnovom období, keď museli opustiť Nemecko.
Tri mesiace pred smrťou mal možnosť naposledy vidieť svoje deti na
svadbe svojej najmladšej dcéry v Československu. Zomiera 12. menachem av
5697, t.j. 16. júla 1937. Tu mal naplnené želanie byť pochovaný v Bystrom
pri svojom otcovi Jicchakovi(zomr.9.2.1903). Pohrebný sprievod vyprevádzal svojho
slávneho rabína až na hranice mesta, kde sa s ním rozlúčili na poslednej
ceste. Na jeho maceve je
viacero údajov, ktoré dokumentujú význam jeho osobnosti. V zdrojoch sa ale
neuvádza miesto jeho posledného odpočinku, spomína sa neurčito niekde
v,, Uhorsku“... Pochovaný je teda v Bystrom nad Topľou.
maceva rabína Lichtiga v Bystrom |
maceva Jicchaka Lichtiga v Bystrom, otca rabína Lichtiga |
ENGLISH
Dr. ARJE LEIBISCH LICHTIG
ben Jicchak
1873-1937
RABBI OF Čierne nad Topľou, buried in Bystré nad
Topľou
Rabbi in Hamburg
Rabbi Arje Leibisch (Leopold, Lipot)
Lichtig ben Jicchak was one of prominent scholars, talmudists and
educators of his time born in Slovakia.
He came from Čierne nad Topľou
(Feketepatak) in Zemplín/Sharish border in East Slovakia. His father Jicchak/Izak
Lichtig from Koprivnica(1839-1903) married into the merchant’s
family of Hirsh/Herman and Mirjam/Maria Blum from Čierne nad Topľou on December
15, 1861. His bride Fejge/Fany Blum was born in Slovenská Kajna in 1845.
Izak Lichtig was an innkeeper
in Čierne nad Topľou but at the same time he was an expert on Talmud.
His wedding was conducted by
Rabbi Abraham Spira (1788-1865) of Vranov. On Adar 18, 5633 (March 17, 1873),
Rabbi Lichtig was born there. His grandparents, Elias and Sima (born Friedman)
Lichtig were living in Pokronc (Koprivnica). Čierne nad Topľou was a part
of Jewish communities in Bystré, Vranov and Hanušovce. Local registers mention
the family as Lichtig and Blum families had lived in the area for years. Family
members were buried mostly in the Jewish cemetery in Bystré.
We know of two Rabbi’s elder
sisters Gitl (1864) and Shprince (1865) but presumably there were even more
children in the family. Rabbi Lichtig grew up in Čierne nad Topľou. From the
age of 12 he was educated by Rabbi Eliezer/Eduard Deutsch (1850-1916) at
school-Cheder in Hanušovce.
At the age of 16 he started to
attend the famous yeshiva in Bratislava led by Chatam Sofer’s grandson, Shevet
Sofer (1842-1906).
He got the Rabbi title at the
age of 19 in 1892. He was given his Hatarat Hora by the rabbis who had the
greatest impact on his life: Rabbi Deutch of Hanušovce, Rabbi Schlesinger of
Topoľčany and Rabbi Moshe Mordechaj Pscherhofer of Sereď (Rabbi Samuel
Spitzer’s father-in-law and Rabbi Lichtig’s later colleague). He also completed
his secondary level education. He went to Frankfurt am Main to prepare for
university studies in Germany. He studied in Heidelberg, Würzburg, Erlangen and
Bern where he wrote his thesis magna cum
lande on February 7, 1901. Then he completed his further rabbi studies
supervised by Dr Salomon Breuer (1850-1926) in Frankfurt am Main. In February
1906 he became a rabbi of the klaus synagogue in D.S.Wallich-Klaus in
Hamburg. He also worked as an assistaant professor and a director of the
yeshiva. After the death of Dr Samuel Spitzer in 1934, both Rabbi Lichtig and
his colleague Rabbi Ber Jaffe worked as substituting chief rabbis for two
years.
When Dr. Josef Carlebach was
named the chief rabbi, Rabbi Lichtig got the position of a dayan - judge
and was still a member of the chief rabbinate. From 1906 to 1923 and
between 1930 and 1937 he was a magid – preacher of the Chevra kadisha and
a member of Keren Hatorah (around 1925).
Rabbi Lichtig married Ilona
Tigermann, the daughter of the chief rabbi of Nové Zámky, Josef Meir Tigermann
(1851-1944) and his wife Mirjam, born Löwy (*? - 1944). They lived in Nové
Zámky in the beginning of the 20th century. Despite his age, Rabbi Tigermann
was deported and died in the Shoah.
Rabbi Lichtig and his wife had six children. One of the daughters, Rachel,
married Salamon Reinitz whose surname is linked to a number of rabbis.
Rabbi Lichtig missed his three sons who had to leave Germany in between the two
wars.
Three months before his death he met his children for the last time at his
youngest daughter’s wedding in Czechoslovakia. He died on Menachem av 12, 5697
(July 16, 1937) and as he had wished, he was buried alongside his father
Jicchak (died on February 9, 1903) in Bystré. The funeral procession saw his
famous rabbi outside the town. His maceva clearly defines the importance of his
personality. The sources locate his burial site as somewhere in Hungary. We know he was buried in Bystré nad Topľou.
TRANSLATION: MIROSLAVA DUBANOVA
Rabbi Lichtig was my great grandfather. His daughter - Rachel, who is mentioned in this article - was my maternal grandmother.
OdpovedaťOdstrániťNice to meet you. Feel free to know more by email. Have you already been to Bystre?
OdstrániťDobrý deň, skúmam spojenie medzi rôznymi rodinami Lichtigov.
OdpovedaťOdstrániťMoja otázka je teraz ... čo je "Pokronca"?
Ďakujem.
Koprivnica
OdpovedaťOdstrániťHi. Could you send me an English translation of this write-up?
OdpovedaťOdstrániť